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Power Units: Watts to Horsepower

Demystify electrical Watts, Mechanical Horsepower, and HVAC BTU/hr power outputs.

Energy Over Time

Power is the rate at which energy is generated or consumed (Energy $\div$ Time).

Electrical and Standard

  • Watt (W): One Joule of energy per second.
  • Kilowatt (kW) & Megawatt (MW): Used to measure engines, power plants, and EV output.

The Age of Steam

  • Mechanical Horsepower (hp): Popularized by James Watt to compare his steam engines to draft horses. Equivalent to lifting 33,000 pounds by one foot in one minute (~745.7 Watts).
  • Metric Horsepower (PS/CV): Slightly less than mechanical HP (~735.5 Watts). German car manufacturers use PS.

Cooling Power

  • Ton of Refrigeration (TR): The power required to freeze exactly one short ton (2,000 lbs) of water into ice in 24 hours. Equivalent to 12,000 BTU/h, representing substantial cooling capacity in large AC systems.